Drug addiction is a severe, recurrent disease that affects a person’s brain and behavior and causes severe damage to internal organ systems. This definition is rarely used in modern medicine and it has been replaced by the definition of addiction syndrome.

At the heart of the disease is a morbid addiction to the use of psychoactive substances. In many cases the tendency is so strong that the person is not able to overcome it on his/her own.

Addiction can be physical or psychological. The first is due to the involvement of the drug in the metabolic processes in the body. The second is the insurmountable desire for the feeling that arises from the patient after the use of psychoactive substances․ Most drug users generally have those two forms of addiction that require a comprehensive treatment approach.

Drug addiction treatment is carried out in a special private clinic in a medical center or at home. The medical center provides inpatient and outpatient medical care services and psychosocial support to people addicted to drugs and other psychoactive substances.

Any medical intervention is performed only at the patient’s discretion.

Treatment of drug addiction consists of the following stages:

1. Diagnosis: a complete examination of the patient is performed and an individual drug treatment plan developed. Diagnosis allows the specialists to assess the general condition of the organism in order to discover the contraindications of this or that means.

2. Detoxification: allows the removal of drugs, and the substances resulting from their breakdown, from the body, and reduces the deprivation syndrome. For this purpose, the patient is given an infusion of saline solution. If necessary, sedatives or symptomatic drugs, vitamins, and brain-enhancing drugs are added to the dripping fluid.

3. Therapeutic measures of detoxification-stabilizing process are shown in case of deprivation syndrome which is caused by long-term drug abuse. Medication is administered to ensure that the patient is restrained from drugs, and the body's functions are normalized, minimizing physical and emotional disturbances.

4. Anti-relapse treatment with opioid antagonists.

Purpose:

• Prolong the pause

* Addiction treatment in one day

(rapid detoxification of opiate addicts)

Rapid detoxification of opiate addicts is the newest, effective and safe method of removing opiate drugs from the body of people addicted to opiates.

The method involves 6-8 hours of general anesthesia, during which opioid receptor blockers are injected into the patient’s body.

Due to its short duration and pain-relieving properties, it is widely used in the world practice.

It is an effective but expensive intervention, which is carried out with the mandatory participation of a resuscitator and an anesthesiologist.

Advantages:

• Short duration: 6-8 hours
• Absence of pain (the patient is asleep)
• Applicability regardless of age and gender, the period of narcotization and the daily amount of the drug used

Indications:

• Addiction to opiate drugs

Contraindications:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Acute mental disorders
• Serious diseases

Efficiency:

• Long-term remission (about 70-90%), compared to 20-30% remission provided by other methods

 Methadone Replacement Therapy 

Is a palliative care treatment method for opioid addiction, which reduces the risk of spreading of hematopoietic infections, improves the physical and mental health of patients, reduces criminal behavior, and contributes to improving the quality of life.

Purpose:

• Eliminate or, as much as possible, mitigate the morbid addiction to opioids and their use.
• Reduce the physical and social harm caused by opioids.
• Improve the health status and quality of life of addicted patients.

Methadone replacement therapy stabilizes the patient's condition and alleviates the deprivation syndrome.

Psychologist's Advice 

Individual psychological counseling, in conjunction with outpatient treatment, is provided to the person addicted to psychotropic substances. Family members of the person are also involved in the provided psychosocial support. The aim of counseling is to influence the person so that he/she can overcome psychological dependence and return to normal life.

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